The Differences Between Selective Mutism and Autism
This post on Selective Mutism and Autism Spectrum Disorder is written by Shaila Alvarez, M.A.
Selective Mutism and Autism Spectrum Disorder can be two distinct yet commonly misunderstood conditions. Both involve challenges in communication, but it’s important to recognize their unique characteristics in order to accurately diagnosis and provide appropriate interventions.
Understanding Selective Mutism
Selective Mutism is an anxiety disorder characterized by a consistent inability to speak in specific social situations despite being able to communicate effectively in more familiar environments. Individuals with SM exhibit social inhibition, shyness, and an extreme fear of judgment or embarrassment. It’s important to note that Selective Mutism is not a choice or a refusal to speak. Instead, it stems from heightened anxiety in certain social situations, such as school or public places.
Understanding Autism Spectrum Disorder
Autism Spectrum Disorder is a complex neuro-developmental condition characterized by challenges in social communication and repetitive behaviors. Autism is a spectrum disorder. This means that it manifests differently in each individual. This leads to a wide range of abilities and challenges. To explore getting you or someone you know tested for Autism, please visit our Autism Testing Services page.
Distinguishing Between Selective Mutism & Autism
Selective Mutism and Autism both involve challenges in communication. However, there are key distinctions to help differentiate between the two conditions.
1. Nature of Communication Challenges: SM primarily involves anxiety of speaking in specific settings, while autism encompasses broader challenges in social communication, often including repetitive behaviors and sensory sensitivities.
2. Root Causes and Associated Characteristics: Anxiety-related symptoms, such as social withdrawal and heightened self-consciousness, are common in individuals with Selective Mutism. These symptoms specifically tie to the fear of speaking in certain situations. The challenge with autism is rooted in differences in neurodevelopment, affecting various aspects of social communication and behavior. Individuals with autism find it difficult to understand and respond appropriately to social cues, leading to a challenge in forming and maintaining relationships.
3. Contextual Versus Global Impact: Selective Mutism is context-specific, impacting communication in certain social situations. Autism, on the other hand, is more pervasive. Autism influences communication and behavior across various contexts – not just in social environments.
4. Onset and Recognition: SM is noticeable when a child enters social environments, such as school. These are environments where the expectation for verbal communication is high. A challenge in social communication, language development, and repetitive behaviors is generally observed by caregivers during the early developmental years.
5. Presence of Repetitive Behaviors: Repetitive behaviors is a common feature of autism but is not typically associated with SM. Individuals with Selective Mutism exhibit anxiety-related behaviors. This includes fidgeting or avoiding eye contact. However, this is different from the repetitive behaviors we often see in autism. Repetitive behaviors, such as hand-flapping, rocking, or adherence to strict routines, are characteristics of autism. These behaviors serve various functions, including self-regulation and sensory modulation.
Check out our other popular blog posts: